Patricia A. Camazzola, PharmD 

Each person shares 99.9% of their DNA with other humans. It is the 0.1% that makes us unique. Pharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics...

Precision medicine or personalized medicine is an expanded approach to traditional patient care that informs health care providers of...

Part II. Pharmacogenes code for metabolic enzymes Most medications rely on metabolic enzymes in the liver to be detoxified and...

Clinicians seeking to utilize pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in their practice may find the current process challenging. Pharmacogenetic...

Part I.   Pharmacogenes code for medication transporters.   Medication transporters are responsible for moving drugs in and out of target...

Chronic pain affects 25% of adults in the US and is defined as persistent pain that lasts weeks to years. Ideally identifying and...

Medications are intended to fix our medical problems but too often that isn't what happens. All medications come with side effects - some...

Naloxone is finally available in the US without a prescription but much more is needed to improve health outcomes among people with...

A PGx test may be accomplished with a simple buccal swab. Each of us is unique - similarly how our body handles and responds to...

Over the last 20 years it is estimated that over a million people have died from drug overdoses often associated with opioids. Post...

Advances in pharmacogenomics (PGx) - and our enhanced understanding of the individual variability of drug response - is transforming our...